The Bulk Heterojunction in Organic Photovoltaic, Photodetector, and Photocatalytic Applications.

Wadsworth A, Hamid Z, Kosco J, Gasparini N, McCulloch I

Organic semiconductors require an energetic offset in order to photogenerate free charge carriers efficiently, owing to their inability to effectively screen charges. This is vitally important in order to achieve high power conversion efficiencies in organic solar cells. Early heterojunction-based solar cells were limited to relatively modest efficiencies (